University of Bonn, Deep Learning
University of Bonn in Germany has published a fantastic amount of research into what they are calling "deep learning". Deep learning deals with computer vision and allowing computers to identify objects based on appearance. More information is available through the University of Bonn Deep Learning site: http://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/deep_learning/
MIT Heart Beat Camera
Students at MIT have created a program which enhances subtle changes in a photo. This enhancement has made it possible for them to see the heartbeat of a person sitting in front of a camera. Possible applications for this software are in use for baby monitors, and robots that know when you are lying!