Tampilkan postingan dengan label Glossary. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label Glossary. Tampilkan semua postingan

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Glossary of Robot Terms - Z

  • Zero Moment Point - The Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is a concept related with dynamics and control of legged locomotion, e.g., for humanoid robots. It specifies the point with respect to which dynamic reaction force at the contact of the foot with the ground does not produce any moment, i.e. the point where total inertia force equals 0 (zero).

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Glossary of Robot Terms - Y

  • Yaw - The side-to-side motion of the rotation at an axis of an end-effector.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - X

  • XYZ coordinates - A reference given to the most common names of the lines forming a Cartesian solid.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - W

  • Walking robot - a robot capable of locomotion by walking. Owing to the difficulties of balance, two-legged walking robots have so far been rare and most walking robots have used insect-like multilegged walking gaits.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - V

  • Vision Guided - A control system where the trajectory of the robot is altered in response to input from a vision system.
  • Vision Sensor - A sensor which identifies the shape, location, orientation, or dimensions of an object using a visual feedback device, such as a camera.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - U

  • Uncanny valley - A hypothesized point at which humanoid robot behavior and appearance is so close to that of actual humans as to cause revulsion.
  • Unimate - the first off-the-shelf industrial robot, of 1961.
  • Universal Serial Bus (USB) -  A standard in connectors and communications protocols used for communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - T

  • Teach Mode - The control state that allows the generation and storage of positional data points effected by moving the robot arm through a path of intended motions.
  • Three Laws of Robotics - coined by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov, one of the first serious considerations of the ethics and robopsychological aspects of robotics.
  • Tool Center Point (TCP) - The origin of the tool coordinate system.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - S

  • Serial manipulator - an articulated robot or manipulator with a single series kinematic chain of actuators. c.f. parallel manipulator.
  • Service robots - machines that extend human capabilities.
  • Servo, a motor that moves to and maintains a set position under command, rather than continuously moving.
  • Servomechanism - An automatic device that uses error-sensing negative feedback to correct the performance of a mechanism.
  • Servo Motor - A rotary servomechanism.
  • Single Point of Control - The ability to operate the robot such that initiation or robot motion from one source of control is possible only from that source and cannot be overridden from another source.
  • Slow Speed Control - A mode of robot motion control where the velocity of the robot is limited to allow persons sufficient time either to withdraw the hazardous motion or stop the robot.
  • Snake robot - A robot component resembling a tentacle or elephant's trunk, where many small actuators are used to allow continuous curved motion of a robot component, with many degrees of freedom. This is usually applied to snake-arm robots, which use this as a flexible manipulator. A rarer application is the snakebot, where the entire robot is mobile and snake-like, so as to gain access through narrow spaces.
  • Solar cell - A wafer, typically made of silicon, that converts light into electricity.
  • Solder - a low-melting alloy used for joining less fusible metals which is usually lead-based. The quality of a solder joint can have effects on an electronic device's operation.
  • Stepper motor - a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can then be commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor, as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application.
  • Stewart platform - A movable platform using six linear actuators, hence also known as a Hexapod.
  • Subsumption architecture - A robot architecture that uses a modular, bottom-up design beginning with the least complex behavioral tasks.
  • Surgical robot - a remote manipulator used for keyhole surgery
  • Swarm robotics - robotic operations which involve large numbers of mostly simple physical robots. Their actions may seek to incorporate emergent behavior observed in social insects (swarm intelligence).

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Glossary of Robot Terms - R

  • Remote manipulator - A manipulator under direct human control, often used for work with hazardous materials.
  • Robonaut - a development project conducted by NASA to create humanoid robots capable of using space tools and working in similar environments to suited astronauts.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - Q

  • Quantum computer - a computer that makes use of the quantum states of subatomic particles to store information.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - P

  • Parallel manipulator - an articulated robot or manipulator based on a number of kinematic chains, actuators and joints, in parallel. c.f. serial manipulator.
  • Pendant - Any portable control device that permits an operator to control the robot from within the restricted envelope (space) of the robot.
  • Pneumatics - the control of mechanical force and movement, generated by the application of compressed gas. c.f. hydraulics.
  • Prosthetic - programmable manipulators or devices for missing human limbs.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - O

  • Optical Encoder - A sensor which measures linear or rotary motion by detecting the movement of markings past a fixed beam of light.
  • Optical Proximity Sensor - Robot sensors which measures visible or invisible light reflected from an object to determine distance.
  • Orientation - The angular position of an object with respect to the robot's reference system such as in roll, pitch, and yaw.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - N

  • Nopping - a generalized term which comes from the assembler NOP for no-operation. It is similar to 'nap', but doesn't imply sleep, just zoning out.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - M

  • Manipulator - or gripper. A robotic 'hand'.
  • Mobile robot - A self-propelled and self-contained robot that is capable of moving over a mechanically unconstrained course.
  • Muting - The deactivation of a presence-sensing safeguarding device during a portion of the robot cycle.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - L

  • Laser - An electronic device which generates an intense beam of electromagnetic radiation by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules.
  • LED (defused) - A light imitating diode in which the plastic packaging is translucent to difuse the light produced.
  • LED (non defused) - A light imitating diode in which the plastic packaging is transparent.
  • Lidar - A sensor technology which measures distance to a target by measuring reflected light from a laser.
  • Linear actuator - A form of motor that generates a linear movement directly.
  • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) - A thin screens through which an image is created by increasing or decreasing the electrical current provided to an electrically reactive substance between two electrodes in order to produce a change the color.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - K

  • Kalman filter - a mathematical technique to estimate the value of a sensor measurement, from a series of intermittent and noisy values.
  • Karel Capek - a Czech author who coined the term 'robot' in his 1921 play, Rossum's Universal Robots.
  • Kinematics - the study of motion, as applied to robots. This includes both the design of linkages to perform motion, their power, control and stability; also their planning, such as choosing a sequence of movements to achieve a broader task.
  • Klann linkage - a simple linkage for walking robots.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - J

  • Jacobian Matrix - A relation to the rates of change of joint values with the rates of change of endpoint co-ordinates.
  • Joint - A point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined.
  • Joint Motion Type - Also known as Point to Point motion, is a method of path interpolation that commands the movement of the robot by moving each joint directly to the commanded position so that all axis arrive to the position at the same time.
  • Joint-Interpolated Motion - A method of coordinating the movement of the joints, such that all joints arrive at the desired location simultaneously.
  • Joint Space - The set of joint positions.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - I

  • Industrial robot - A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
  • Insect robot - A small robot designed to imitate insect behaviors rather than complex human behaviors.
  • Integrated Circuit (IC) - An electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, performing the same function as a larger circuit made from discrete components.
  • IP address (Internet Protocol address) - A unique number consisting of four numbers, called octets, separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad'). Each octet can contain any value between 0 and 255 resulting in a possible 4,294,967,296 unique values. Out of the almost 4.3 billion possible combinations, certain values are restricted from use as typical IP addresses. For example, the IP address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for the default network and the address 255.255.255.255 is used for broadcasts. IP addresses are usually assigned to internet service providers within region-based blocks so an IP address can often be used to identify the region or country from which a computer is connecting to the Internet, possibly showing the user's general location.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - H

  • Haptic - Tactile feedback technology using the operator's sense of touch. Also sometimes applied to robot manipulators with their own touch sensitivity.
  • Header pins - Small metal pins used to connect electronic components. Headers can be plug pins or sockets to receive the plugs.
  • Heat shrink tubing - Polymer tubing which contracts when heated. Heat shrink tubing is typically used to insulate wire splices.
  • Hexapod (platform) - A movable platform using six linear actuators. Often used in flight simulators and fairground rides, they also have applications as a robotic manipulator.
  • Hexapod (walker) - A six-legged walking robot, using a simple insect-like locomotion.
  • Humanoid - A robotic entity designed to resemble a human being in form, function, or both.
  • Hydraulics - The control of mechanical force and movement, generated by the application of liquid under pressure.

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Glossary of Robot Terms - G

  • Gantry - A robot that has three degrees of freedom along the X, Y, and Z coordinate system.
  • Gear box - a set of gears with its casing.
  • Gripper - A mechanical component that is designed for seizing and holding, and holds or "grips" an object. Often a gripper is attached to the end of an arm. It may hold an object using a variety of different methods, such as: applying pressure between two or more surfaces, or it may may also use magnetism or a vacuum to hold the object, etc.
  • Grommet - A grommet is a ring inserted into a hole through thin material. Grommets are generally flared or collared on each side to keep them in place. They may be used to prevent tearing or abrasion of the pierced material, or to cover sharp edges.
  • Gynoid - A humanoid robot designed to look like a human female.
  • Gyroscope - A device consisting of a disk mounted so that it can spin rapidly about an axis that is free to alter in direction. Gyroscopic motion can be used to provide stability or maintain a reference direction. These devices are typically implemented in navigation systems, automatic pilots, and stabilizers.
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